In the context of comprehensively promoting high-quality economic and social development, it is of great significance to fully leverage the innovative driving role of earthquake informatization, fully do a good job in the network security protection of earthquake early warning information in Xinjiang, avoid network congestion or occupation, data leakage, information tampering and other network security incidents, and ensure the intelligent, efficient, safe and reliable release of earthquake early warning information in Xinjiang. In view of this, the article briefly summarizes the problems existing in the Xinjiang earthquake early warning information network by analyzing the architecture and security protection system of the network, and proposes measures to adjust and optimize network security and corresponding security prevention suggestions, in order to promote the construction of the Xinjiang earthquake early warning information network security.

Kuqa-Shaya area is located in the northern margin of Tarim Basin and belongs to the oil and gas production concentration area. In recent years, the seismic activity in this area has shown a significant increase trend, while the earthquake monitoring capability of the Xinjiang Seismic Network in this region is relatively weak. This article uses Sentinel-1A orbit data from the Kuqa- Shaya region from 2020 to 2022 for time series analysis, and combines GNSS velocity field correction to obtain high-precision and high-resolution inter seismic deformation fields in the entire study area. It further explores the spatial relationship between the distribution of small and moderate earthquakes and deformation fields, and obtains the following understanding: (1) The surface deformation characteristics of the entire Kuqa-Shaya region are mainly subsidence, with an average rate of -2.5 mm·a^-1, and the subsidence rate in some agricultural activity areas reaches -30 mm·a^-1. (2) The Kuqa-Shaya earthquake cluster is not located in a concentrated subsidence area. In 2024, three earthquakes of magnitude 5 occurred in the Yuke gas field area with a subsidence rate of -2.5 mm·a^-1. The changes in the deformation field in this area may be related to oil and gas extraction. From the perspective of deformation, this paper proposes a surface deformation monitoring method suitable for the platform basin area of the Tarim Basin, which improves the seismic monitoring capability of the Xinjiang Seismic Network in the Kuqa-Shaya area.

Based on the analysis of the earthquake swarm sequence, the seismic activity anomalies related to the two earthquake swarms are summarized, and the influence of the 5-magnitude earthquake swarm on the seismic trend in Xinjiang is analyzed. The results show that the earthquake sequence in Yuli-Kuche area in 2024 belongs to the earthquake swarm type, including two earthquake swarms with magnitude greater than 5.0. The whole sequence activity shows an increasing trend and is still in a state of continuous activity. There are six anomalies related to two earthquake swarms with M≥5.0, which are the frequency of earthquakes with M≥3.0 in the middle section of Tianshan Mountains, the high frequency of earthquakes with M≥3.0 in the middle section of Tianshan Mountains, the high frequency of earthquakes with M≥3.0 in Kuche-Shaya area, the 4.5 earthquake window near Baicheng, the significant activity of earthquake swarms near Baicheng, and the stress drop in Kuqa earthquake area.

Using the travel time data of earthquakes with M_S≥1.5 recorded by fixed stations of the digital seismic network in the central Tianshan Mountains of the Xinjiang Seismic Network and temporary mobile stations deployed after earthquakes from 2009 to 2022, this study employed the double-difference tomography method to investigate the three-dimensional P-wave and S-wave velocity structures of the crust and the characteristics of earthquake distribution in the central Tianshan Mountains. The results show that the average travel time residual decreased from -0.15 s before relocation to -0.001 6 s after relocation, indicating a significant improvement in positioning accuracy. The relocation results reveal that earthquakes are predominantly distributed at depths of 0～30 km, mostly along major fault zones, and exhibit a strong correlation with low-velocity zones. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structures of the crust in the central Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang show high consistency, with both displaying significant lateral and vertical heterogeneity. P-waves and S-waves exhibit extensive low-velocity anomalies in the middle and lower crust of the central Tianshan Mountains, and these low-velocity zones are interconnected with the low-velocity anomaly regions of the Junggar Basin and the Tarim Basin. These results provide valuable data references for studying the crustal velocity structure of the central Tianshan Mountains.

Using the seismic phase observation report of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the double-difference positioning method was used to accurately locate and analyze 555 seismic events of the earthquake swarm from April 2017 to August 2024, and finally 520 high-precision positioning results were obtained. The P-wave first motion method is used to invert the focal mechanism solution of M_L≥2.0 earthquakes. Combined with the regional seismic tectonic background, it is found that the earthquake swarm is elliptically distributed on the surface projection, oblique to the Kewu fault, and the long axis is NW-SE. The depth distribution is mainly concentrated in the range of 9～13 km. The dominant strikes of the two sets of conjugate nodal planes of the focal mechanism solution are NW and NE, and most of the earthquakes in the swarm are mainly strike-slip. According to the precise location of the earthquake swarm, the results of the focal mechanism solution and the regional geological structure characteristics of the study area, it is considered that the Kewu fault, which is dominated by reverse fault slip, is not the seismogenic fault of the earthquake swarm. Affected by the compressive and torsional deformation of the Indosinian and Yanshan periods, the Kewu fault earthquake swarm develops multiple secondary faults. The earthquake swarm may be controlled by the NW and NE strike-slip secondary faults. These secondary faults are developed in the front edge of the Kewu fault and obliquely intersect with the Kewu fault, which may have the characteristics of small scale and high density, so that the earthquake swarm is distributed in a plane shape.

With the advancement of seismic observation techniques,the field of seismology has accumulated vast amounts of observational data.The application of deep learning methods,which have developed rapidly in recent years,to seismic monitoring and prediction has demonstrated significant advantages.This paper systematically reviews the research progress of deep learning in seismic signal recognition,phase picking,microseismic location,and earthquake prediction, analyzes the strengths and limitations of existing methods,and explores future development directions.Through the analysis and integration of current information,it is demonstrated that deep learning holds great potential in earthquake catalog construction,precursor information extraction,and multi-source data fusion for prediction.However,challenges remain,including model generalizability,data heterogeneity,and the interpretability of physical mechanisms.

In order to accurately obtain the effect of the Xinjiang Qinghai-Tibet Plateau monitoring capacity improvement project on the actual improvement of monitoring capabilities in the southern region of the Xinjiang seismic network (Central Kunlun-Aerjin-Luobupo), this study used the "probability-based completeness magnitude" PMC method , calculate the official observation reports of the Xinjiang seismic network before and after the project is completed, and obtain the detection probability and minimum integrity magnitude M_P of the seismic stations in the study area. Through analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: the detection probability of a single station can truly represent the station's detection ability of earthquake events, and there is a significant difference; M_P shows that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Monitoring Capacity Improvement Project has significantly improved the regional earthquake monitoring capabilities in southern Xinjiang. The overall average improvement in the region is about 0.5 to 1 level, but there are regional imbalances. The research results can provide some reference for further improving the earthquake monitoring capabilities in southern Xinjiang, optimizing the spatial layout of the network, and improving the operation quality of the stations.

At 23:59 On December 18, 2023, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County in Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, resulting in significant loss of life and property. This paper utilizes field investigation data to summarize the damage to buildings, seismic geological disasters, and casualties resulting from this earthquake. It analyzes the characteristics and causes of the seismic damage and proposes insights for seismic prevention and disaster mitigation. Comprehensive analysis reveals that: the damage to buildings was severe, seismic geological disasters were widespread and numerous, and casualties were considerable; the high number of casualties was primarily due to poor seismic resistance of buildings, the earthquake occurring at night when people could not take timely precautions, and the extremely low survival probability of individuals buried by seismic geological disasters; in the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction process, it is essential to select sites rationally based on the geological conditions of the affected area, design scientifically, and further improve search and rescue techniques for seismic geological disaster victims while enhancing public awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.

Based on high-quality teleseismic waveform data recorded over seven years at the Kashi Seismic Station (KAS station), located within a sedimentary layer, high-frequency and low-frequency receiver functions were extracted respectively. The receiver function H-К stacking method without considering sedimentary layer effects and the receiver function sequential H-К stacking method considering sedimentary layer effects were applied to determine the depth of the second intracrustal interface, velocity ratio, and crustal thickness beneath the KAS station. The results incorporating the sedimentary layer influence align with the crustal thickness and crustal velocity ratio values beneath the bedrock Kashi-zhongji Seismic Station (KSZ station), located 8.4 km away. The depth of the second intracrustal interface beneath the KAS station is 13.5 km, with a velocity ratio of 1.96 (Poisson's ratio of 0.324). The crustal thickness is 57.7 km, with a velocity ratio of 1.86 (Poisson's ratio of 0.297). Comparative analysis reveals that applying the receiver function H-К stacking method to seismic stations with significant sedimentary layers can lead to significant deviations in the analysis of intracrustal interface depths and medium velocity ratios. In contrast, the receiver function sequential H-К stacking method yields accurate results. This finding provides valuable practical experience and a methodological basis for accurately analyzing the depths of intracrustal interfaces and medium velocity ratios at other stations situated within sedimentary layers.

To address the geological hazard issues in the quartz diorite mining area of Yutian County, Xinjiang, this study proposes a risk assessment method integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography and multi-source data coupling analysis. Based on the SWDC-5 five-lens oblique photography system, a high-precision 3D realistic model was constructed. Multi-source data, including topographic parameters (elevation zoning, slope gradient, slope aspect differentiation), hydrological geomorphology (river lateral erosion, gully headward erosion), and human activity disturbances (road and house construction), were integrated to establish a "topographic parameters-hydrological geomorphology-human activity disturbances" multi-source driven evaluation model. The results show that: ① The intersection areas of SE-facing steep slopes (slope>35°) and NW-SE structural zones are high-risk areas for disasters, and the model-predicted core risk zones for geological hazards have fully covered historical disaster points; ② Five core risk zones were delineated, and a hierarchical prevention and control strategy was proposed, including anchoring engineering, ecological slope protection, and residential relocation, which can effectively reduce the disaster occurrence rate.

To investigate the relationship between the lithospheric magnetic field and earthquakes in the west Kunlun seismic zone of Xinjiang, four periods of lithospheric magnetic field variation maps (2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017) were calculated using five years (2013-2017) of mobile geomagnetic vector observation data from the west Kunlun region. Focusing on two representative events—the 2015 Pishan M_S6.5 earthquake and the 2016 Aketao M_S6.7 earthquake—the spatial response patterns of geomagnetic parameters were comparatively analyzed during three phases: 12～3 months pre-earthquake, 0～3 months immediately before the earthquakes, and 6～12 months post-earthquake. The results indicate that various elements of the lithospheric magnetic field exhibited anomalies of varying degrees near the epicenters of both earthquakes. However, the horizontal vector and magnetic field intensity changes shared common characteristics: pre-seismic anomaly accumulation and post-seismic anomaly disappearance.

Taking the artificial blasting and natural earthquakes recorded at three seismic stations in Hami area as research objects, the main features of these two types of events are summarized by using the three elements of earthquakes, waveform recording, amplitude ratio and spectrum analysis. The results show that the occurrence time, epicenter location, magnitude, and S-P wave arrival time difference of the artificial blasting are relatively fixed, and there are basic features such as vertical P wave initial motion upward, large P wave amplitude, short-period Rayleigh surface wave development, and large period. The P_m/S_m value of artificial blasting is more than 0.75, and the correct identification rate is 94.47%; the P_m/S_m value of natural earthquake is less than 0.75, and the correct identification rate is 98%. The low-frequency component of artificial blasting is more, and the dominant component is mainly distributed in the range of 0-15 Hz, with fast attenuation; the high-frequency component of natural earthquakes is dominated by high-frequency components, with a wide range of dominant frequencies (mainly distributed in the range of 0-35 Hz), and the energy attenuation is slow.The S-transform shows that the main energy of the artificial blasting is concentrated in the low-frequency portion and is relatively single, whereas the natural earthquakes are rich in high-frequency energy with a more discrete distribution, which is “multi-peak” in nature.

In response to the high incidence of faults in the power supply and communication systems at earthquake early warning stations, an integrated monitoring software has been designed. This software achieves information integration for intelligent power supplies from different manufacturers, rapid data analysis, swift fault diagnosis, advance warnings for power supply faults, and precise information dissemination. The software consists of four main components: information collection, information analysis, information display, and information transmission. Information collection is primarily used to gather power supply data and network communication status from early warning stations; information analysis is focused on extracting analysis of abnormal information; information display is used to visualize power supply data and alert notifications for abnormal information; and information transmission is aimed at sending abnormal information to mobile devices. This monitoring software effectively addresses the challenges faced by early warning duty personnel, significantly reducing the pressure of monitoring duties. It has been applied at the Urumqi Seismic Monitoring Center Station, where it has shortened the fault response time and improved the efficiency of fault handling by the early warning duty staff, demonstrating high practicality.

Vertical displacement measurements were obtained from three cross-fault leveling stations (Dafeng, Hongshanzui, and Kaziwang) around the Horgos-Manas-Tuyugou fault zone during the period from 2012 to 2023. The annual average change rates were calculated by comparing the measurements of the same season in different years. GNSS data from stations surrounding the fault zone between 2011 and 2022 were processed to obtain annual change rates, revealing the deformation characteristics of the Horgos-Manas-Tuyugou fault zone. Using GNSS data as a reference framework, an analysis of the cross-fault leveling data for individual fault segments shows that the reverse faulting characteristics in the eastern segment are significant, with larger uplift of the mountain compared to the central and western segments. The accumulated displacement at the Dafeng observation site continues to increase. In contrast, the leveling data and GNSS station change rates at the junction of the Manas and Horgos segments in the central section show relatively small variations.

Based on the observation data of the geophysical observation of the Xiaguan central station in the past ten years since 2014, the classification and in-depth analysis are carried out to identify the main sources of interference of each measurement item, and the data variation characteristics and identification methods of various typical disturbances are summarized. This provides a detailed reference and reliable basis for the processing and application of geophysical observation data analytics in the jurisdiction.

The observation data of two different types of gravimeters in the same observation cave are compared and analyzed from the aspects of observation data quality, background noise level, recording earthquake ability and co-seismic response characteristics. The results show that : GS-15 gravity data has better availability and continuity, while gPhone gravity observation accuracy and background noise level are better ; the GS-15 gravity record has more advantages in the number of strong earthquakes, the duration of earthquakes, and the duration of co-seismic response, while the gPhone gravity record has earlier initial motion time and co-seismic response. The initial motion time and duration of the recorded earthquake and coseismic response are related to the filter constant and damping coefficient of the instrument, and the initial motion direction of the response pattern is related to the azimuth of the station and the epicenter.

Taking Ganhezi fault soil gas observation station as an example, the morphology characteristics of gas components across the fault are measured, and the observation experiment analysis of influence of the thickness of the covering layer, the gas flow rate, the volume of the gas collection, the air temperature and the atmospheric pressure on the air radon is quantitatively out. The results show that the hanging wall of the reverse fault near the fault surface is an ideal location for fault gas observation, and the concentration of fault gas radon tends to be stable after the observation depth is more than 1.5 m. The gas flow rate should be controlled at 0.5 L·min^-1; the smaller the gas collection volume, the higher the gas flow rate, the higher the atmospheric radon concentration, the lower the influence of temperature and pressure on the data, and the more stable the data. Through quantitative analysis of the influencing factors of fault soil gas radon concentration, it provides a reference for the optimization and transformation of some observation stations in the future.

The correlation coefficient of spectral amplitude is used to study two moderate strong earthquakes in Atushi, Xinjiang in 2023. The results show that the correlation coefficient of spectral amplitude of aftershock series of Atushi M_S5.4 earthquake on November 8, 2023 varies between 0.36 and 0.80, with an average value of 0.51. The amplitude correlation coefficient of the aftershock series spectrum of the Atushi M_S5.5 earthquake on December 19, 2023 varies from 0.68 to 0.82, with an average value of 0.74. After the main earthquake, the correlation coefficient of the amplitude spectrum of the aftershock sequence of the Atushi M_S5.4 earthquake decreased and quickly recovered to about the background value, but the correlation coefficient of the aftershock sequence of the Atushi M_S5.5 earthquake still remained at a high level after the main earthquake. By comparing with the Jiashi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence on January 19, 2020, it was found that When the correlation coefficient of spectral amplitude is at a high level, there is a possibility of moderate-strong earthquake in the future.This method is useful for the subsequent earthquake prediction in the earthquake area and surrounding areas.

A comparative analysis was conducted on the co-seismic response characteristics recorded by 24 observation wells in Sichuan Province during the M_S7.4 Qinghai Maduo earthquake. The results show that the co-seismic response characteristics of this earthquake are mainly of the oscillation type, step-up type (oscillation-step up), and step-down type (step-up-step down). The epicentre distance Δ≥840 km and the water level co-earthquake are mainly shake-recovery type. The step-up type and step-down type are mainly distributed within the distance of Δ≤700 km. The negative correlation between the amplitude and duration of water level coseismic response and the epicenter distance is weak, the response time and the epicenter distance are positive, and the seismic energy density of water level is strong. The M_S6.1 earthquake in Lushan County of Ya 'an in 2022 and the M_S5.6 earthquake in Luding in 2023 both occurred in the concentrated area of coseismic magnitude rise, indicating that this co-seismic response characteristic has certain precursory significance and can provide ideas for earthquake.

On September 5,2022 and September 18,2022, strong earthquakes occurred in Luding, Sichuan Province and Hualien, Taiwan, China within 13 days. In order to explore the geomagnetic precursory anomalies before the earthquake, this study systematically analyzed the daily variation patterns of the national geomagnetic station data. The results showed that 55 days before the Luding earthquake (July 12,2022) and 42 days before the Hualian earthquake (August 7,2022), the geomagnetic daily variation patterns were distorted, from the normal ‘V’ type to the ‘W’ type double low point shape. In addition, the anomaly area can be divided into clear dividing lines, and the diurnal phase on both sides of the dividing line has a time difference of about 2 hours. By analyzing the causes of diurnal variation distortion, it is found that this phenomenon is closely related to the abnormal changes of the current system inside and outside the earth, especially the change of the induced eddy current system inside the earth. This distortion may reflect the accelerated evolution of deep tectonic activities during earthquake preparation. The analysis shows that such anomalies have a significant correlation with strong earthquakes and can be used as an important reference index for short-term and imminent earthquake prediction.

In order to find out the influence degree of different geological factors on seismic activity in Pamir area of the western section of southern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, three influencing factors of plate movement, fault and rock properties were selected, and the contribution degree of different influencing factors to seismic activity was analyzed by grey correlation method. Taking the seismic activity of the three tectonic units as the reference sequence, and the plate movement, fault and rock properties as the comparison sequence, the grey correlation mathematical model is established. The resolution coefficients are set to 0.1,0.3 and 0.5 respectively, and the correlation coefficient and correlation degree between the reference sequence and the comparison sequence of different tectonic units are solved. The results show that the average correlation degree between plate movement, fault and rock properties and seismic activity is 0.682, 0.646 and 0.510, respectively. There is a high correlation between plate movement and seismic activity, which is the main geological factor controlling seismic activity in the region.

To explore the coseismic response capacity of the water level in Well Chuan-41 to near-field and far-field earthquakes, this study selected near-field earthquakes with a surface wave magnitude M_S≥6.0 and global earthquakes with an M_S≥6.5 as research objects during the period of 2017-2023. It systematically analyzed the coseismic response characteristics of the water level in Well Chuan-41, and comprehensively evaluated the seismic response capacity of the well from three core dimensions: seismic energy density, relationship between coseismic response amplitude and earthquake magnitude as well as well-earthquake distance, and changes in tidal parameters.The results show that: Well Chuan-41 exhibits good coseismic response capacity to far-field earthquakes with M_S≥7.5, while its coseismic response capacity to near-field earthquakes with M_S<6.0 is relatively weak; the main type of coseismic response of the well's water level is oscillatory change. The specific laws are as follows:The energy density threshold required for far-field earthquakes to trigger the coseismic response of this well is approximately 10^-6 J·m^-3.The surface wave period of small and moderate-magnitude near-field earthquakes is significantly different from the natural vibration period of Well Chuan-41, resulting in the failure to effectively record its coseismic response. The dynamic stress changes caused by large-magnitude near-field earthquakes may lead to changes in the permeability of the aquifer associated with Well Chuan-41.

Based on the analysis of the basic situation of Karamay, according to the seismic geological data, seismic zoning and active fault detection results, historical seismic monitoring data, the characteristics of seismic activity and seismic structure are analyzed and studied, the risk of seismic disaster in Karamay is evaluated, the weak links of earthquake response in Karamay are analyzed, and the preventive measures are put forward for the key hidden dangers in the region.

After analyzing the reliability of the tilt observation data of No.2 borehole in the back mountain of Karamay, it is confirmed that the tidal factor is basically stable. By eliminating the interference factors such as human influence, instrument failure and weather change, the credibility of anomaly identification before earthquakes is improved, and the typical interference and anomaly characteristics before earthquakes are classified and quantitatively analyzed. The determination and test of the optimal threshold by R value score show that the missing rate of inclination anomaly of No.2 borehole in Houshan, Karamay is low.

The first-class gravity network in Xinjiang provides the basic results of gravity field for basic surveying and mapping, earthquake research, earthquake prediction and evaluation in Xinjiang. This paper systematically introduces the basic situation of the construction of the first-class gravity network in Xinjiang. The first-class gravity network in Xinjiang comprehensively utilizes the construction results of 2 000 national gravity basic network, China mainland tectonic environment monitoring network, Xinjiang CORS station and other projects to carry out the whole network layout of network type and point position. The high-precision relative gravity measurement method is used to obtain the gravity segment difference between the undetermined points, and the whole network is adjusted by the combination of strong and weak datum. The average mean square error of the final gravity results is ±17.9×10^-8 m·s^-2, and the weakest mean square error is ±30.6×10^-8 m·s^-2. The first-class gravity network in Xinjiang is a typical polygonal structure, and its self-similarity and self-affine (fractal characteristics) are obvious. It is suitable to use fractal theory to analyze and study its characteristics and inhomogeneity. Through calculation, the fractal dimension of the first-class gravity network in Xinjiang is 1.333, which is a low-dimensional network. The corresponding optimal grid spacing is 104 km. According to the relationship between magnitude and time-varying distance, it is evaluated that the first-class gravity network in Xinjiang has the monitoring ability to monitor earthquakes with M_S≥6.0.

This study employs wavelet analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to quantitatively investigate the impact features and mechanisms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall on the tilt of KurkureH2 mountain broad-band. Further, a regression analysis is conducted to remove the influence of temperature on the NS component through regression, and the R-value rating method is used for earthquake capability testing, followed by a summary of their anomalous characteristics. The results indicate that:① atemperature and rainfall are the main influencing factors of annual variation. There is a significant linear negative correlation between temperature and NS component. When the phase of NS component (detrended) lags behind temperature for 17 days, the correlation coefficient between the two is up to -0.751;③ the broad-band tilt is influenced by rainfall from April to September each year, with the two components showing an “M” type of yearly change, during which the rainfall during this period suppressed the linear characteristics of the broad-band tilt influenced by temperature;④ the results of R-value test show that the best forecast window for the NS component is 350 days, with optimal R=0.64, R₀=0.71.

In order to study the application of ABAQUS in structural ground motion time history analysis, the method and key points of structural elastic-plastic time history analysis using this software are summarized by taking wave amplitude modulation, model establishment, material attribute assignment and grid division as steps. By establishing a RC frame model for example analysis, the damage of the model under earthquake action is studied. The results show that ABAQUS can clearly reflect the response of the structure in the whole process of earthquake. The output results can be used to analyze the modal shape of the structure, quantify the damage of the whole and the components, and show the spatial distribution of the damage factor. This method has a good application prospect in disaster loss pre-assessment, earthquake disaster prevention and emergency command.

This paper primarily provides an overview of the construction content of the Yunnan sub - project of the National Earthquake Intensity Rapid Reporting and Early Warning Project. It introduces the construction of general stations, and when exploring the construction quality of general stations, conducts an analysis from multiple aspects such as equipment installation, station inspection, operation rate improvement, and background noise analysis. Through analysis, it is found that during the construction of general stations, there are issues such as non-standard installation and uneven quality of base station buildings, which negatively impact the construction quality. In terms of the operation rate, problems such as shortages of intensity meters and FSU standby equipment and spare parts, overly high operation rate standards, and a single background noise testing method are encountered. Meanwhile, by comparatively analyzing the construction achievements of general stations, basic stations, and benchmark stations in the early warning system, the advantages and disadvantages of the early warning system are further understood. Finally, by discussing aspects such as improving the communication mechanism, protecting the observation environment, increasing standby equipment and spare parts, optimizing the operation rate standard and background noise testing environment, and enhancing the magnitude estimation ability of the early warning system, this paper summarizes the solutions to problems related to the construction of general stations in the earthquake early warning system in Yunnan region, as well as methods to improve the overall effectiveness of the early warning system.

This paper reviews and summarizes the anomalous phenomena preceding the M_S5.0 earthquake in Kuche, Xinjiang, on February 5, 2025. It identifies two seismological anomalies and three point geophysical observation anomalies before the earthquake. The seismological anomalies mainly involve an increase in 3rd-degree earthquakes in the central Tianshan region and an enhanced area for 3rd and 4th-degree earthquakes. The point deformation anomalies before the earthquake include background anomalies and short-term anomalies. The background anomaly is the horizontal swing in Korla, showing a significant trend reversal; the short-term anomalies are: (1) the Kuche borehole tilting EW component saw a significant acceleration of eastward tilt from December 12, 2024, with the anomaly ending on December 16, 2024; (2) the vertical swing NS component in Korla exhibited accelerated southward tilt rate anomaly on January 1, 2025. By comparing the anomaly characteristics before the M_S5.6 earthquake in Kuche on January 16, 2020, it is observed that the point deformation anomalies are mainly located at the Korla seismic station. Both earthquakes had background anomalies before the event, and the spatial evolution of mid-term and foreshock anomalies showed a migration from the near field to the periphery. Further comparison of the variation and evolutionary characteristics of the number of deformation anomalies in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains during M_S≥5.0 earthquakes reveals that the number of anomalies in the medium and short term shows a clear clustering characteristic. The number of anomalies increases or decreases rapidly before the earthquake, which is similar to the anomaly pattern evolution process before the M_S5.0 earthquake in Kuche.

This paper focuses on the broadband mobile seismic array project constructed in the Southwestern Tianshan-West Kunlun region in 2023, detailing its system design and implementation. By increasing the station foundation depth and optimizing base treatment methods, the project effectively reduced environmental noise interference on observational data. Using three-component observational data recorded by the stations, the power spectral density (PSD) and root-mean-square (RMS) values of station noise were calculated, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the noise levels at the seismic bases. Results indicate that the newly deployed stations exhibit favorable overall noise characteristics, with consistent noise levels across all three components. Additionally, the paper assesses the seismic monitoring capabilities of the array through ambient noise analysis. The findings demonstrate that the seismic monitoring threshold in the region improved from M_L2.0 to M_L0.5 after array deployment, significantly enhancing the area's earthquake detection capacity.

Based on wavelet analysis methodology, this study investigates the multi-scale time-frequency characteristics of water level response to barometric pressure in the New 32 well, Bole, Xinjiang, using monthly averaged data (2015-2024) and hourly sampled data (2024). The results reveal that: (1) the dominant water-level oscillation period (256 days) exhibited concentrated energy from 2017 to 2019, while high-frequency signals manifested a bimodal pattern: intensive short-period disturbances (0.5～2 h) in summer and diurnal-to-weekly scale fluctuations (32～128 h) in winter; (2) The barometric pressure component in the long-period band (256～512 days) progressively intensified, with summer short-period power (0.5～2 h) reaching its maximum; (3) At the long-period scale (512 days), water level and pressure showed positive coherence during 2018—2021 that transitioned to negative coherence post 2022. High-frequency short-period variations (0.5～2 h) were completely synchronized in summer, while phase lags occurred at the diurnal scale (32 h) during autumn.This research provides time-frequency criteria for identifying fluid precursors in seismically hazardous regions.

Selected observational data from 2014 to 2024 on the two components of vertical swing tilt, cave temperature, and external atmospheric temperature of Kuerle Hohla Mountain were used to study the influence characteristics of temperature on vertical swing tilt and to conduct seismic event analysis on the vertical swing NS component. The results show that:①the annual variation of vertical swing tilt is mainly influenced by the annual changes in air temperature and cave temperature. The effect of air temperature exhibits a more significant linear characteristic with a lag effect, while the effect of cave temperature is real-time, showing a higher correlation with air temperature and a nonlinear relationship.②The seismic event analysis indicates that the NS component has a good correspondence with seismic events. Its response to changes in air temperature and cave temperature is primarily characterized by abnormal annual variation amplitudes and weakened or deviated correlations.

This study applies a four-dimensional disaster-body model to estimate earthquake disaster in Jiashi County, Xinjiang, by integrating factors such as seismic intensity and fortification capacity.The results show that after incorporating more comprehensive disaster information, the model's output agrees well with actual earthquake loss records.The research achieved refined hazard zoning through historical isoseismal lines and weight analysis; the use of relative values to calculate a disaster-body volume index improved the objectivity of the assessment. Validation in Jiashi County demonstrated that the predicted disaster magnitude matches the actual seismic damage observed in recent years. Although weight settings still partly rely on empirical parameters, the proposed method can provide a scientific basis for regional earthquake risk prevention and mitigation planning.

This study evaluates the capability of the automatic cataloging system to generate aftershock sequences of strong earthquakes in the Xinjiang region, using the 2016 Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains as a case study, with a comparative analysis of manual and automatic cataloging results. The research demonstrates that: (1) Timeliness and detection capability: The automatic cataloging system can rapidly generate aftershock sequence catalogs after an earthquake, with significantly higher efficiency than manual cataloging. The number of detected earthquakes is approximately twice that of manual cataloging, substantially enhancing catalog completeness. (2) Result consistency: The matching rate between the automatic catalog and the manual catalog is 89.5%. Epicenter deviations are mainly distributed within the range of 0~20 km, the lower limit of magnitude processing reaches M_L0.0, magnitude differences are concentrated within ±0.3, and origin time deviations are largely confined to ±2 seconds. The results confirm that the automatic cataloging system is reliable and highly efficient, providing timely and comprehensive data support for scientific research and practical applications such as seismic trend analysis, emergency response, and rupture process inversion.

Using the RISP system, a seismic catalog for the Kashi region from January 12, 2020, 00:00 to February 12, 2020, 23:59 was rapidly constructed. Through matching filtering and double-difference relocation methods, the following conclusions were drawn:① The RISP automatic cataloging system demonstrates significant advantages in microseismic detection and catalog production, particularly in faster response times, lower detection thresholds, and positioning results that are comparable to manual methods.② The automatic cataloging results better reveal the distribution of aftershocks from the Kashi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence in terms of depth, aligning with the overall northward dip of the Keping Fault. This suggests that the Kepingtage Fault is the main fault responsible for the east-west directed aftershocks, with activity concentrated near the detachment surface of the Kepingtage thrust structure. It may also have triggered synchronous movement along the Ozgertawu Fault.③ The automatic cataloging identified a significant number of multi-detected small earthquakes; however, verifying the authenticity of these small earthquakes is crucial. From the double-difference relocation results, the positioning of many multi-detected small earthquakes is still not ideal in revealing fault structures. Thus, developing automated verification processes for small earthquakes and improving the accuracy and reliability of automatic seismic catalogs will be key focuses for future research.

AlphaGUARD radon monitor introduced by the seismic system mainly includes two models: P2000 and PQ2000 Pro. Because the measurement data of this kind of instrument is not connected to the seismic observation network, most of the equipment does not perform regular calibration. If it is directly used for observation, it may lead to significant deviation of the data. Based on the calibration/verification results of the above two types of radon monitors, this paper analyzes the measurement performance and puts forward corresponding work suggestions, in order to provide reference for the use and maintenance of related instruments in the seismic industry. The results show that: 1) the instrument calibration coefficient (K value) fluctuates between 0.91 and 1.14 for a long time, and the annual deviation is less than 5%; 2) The repeatability of the instrument is less than 5% when the measurement value is calculated at 1 h, and the repeatability of the instrument is less than 10 % when the measurement value is calculated at 10 min, and the background accumulation will affect the repeatability of the low radon concentration measurement. 3) In the radon concentration range of (0.4～12) kBq·m^-3, the relative inherent error of the instrument is less than 4%; 4) The cumulative deviation of K value of P2000 model was close to 5% in the third year, while that of PQ2000 Pro model was close to 5% in the fourth year. With the increase of service life, the K value of the instrument showed a significant downward trend. It is suggested that the calibration/verification cycle should be determined according to the specific use of this type of radon measuring instrument. If used as a standard instrument, regular fixed-point traceability should be implemented, and the longest traceability cycle should not exceed 3 years.

This study investigates the seismic instability mechanisms of colluvial slopes along National Highway G318 in southeastern Tibet using the particle flow code (PFC). A generalized geological model was constructed based on the geological conditions of the study area, incorporating seismic wave data from the M_W6.9 Nyingchi earthquake. The dynamic response characteristics, including unbalanced forces, velocity, displacement, and microstructural evolution, were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that during the initial seismic phase, unbalanced forces of surface particles transmitted through deep layers induced acceleration amplification, with peak surface particle velocities reaching 5 m/s. In the peak seismic phase, resonance between ground motion and particle natural frequencies led to the formation of accumulation mounds at the mid-slope and crest, where maximum displacement increments occurred. During the post-seismic phase, gravitational stress redistribution maintained mid-slope particle velocities at 0.5 m/s, while increased porosity weakened interparticle interlocking, resulting in continuous displacement growth at the crest and mid-slope. Accumulation mound particles migrated toward the slope toe, forming gentle colluvial deposits. The instability mechanism of colluvial slopes under seismic action manifests as downslope sliding triggered by contact force imbalance, accumulation mound formation dominated by resonance effects, and displacement progression driven by gravitational potential energy. These findings reveal the dynamic response mechanisms of colluvial slope instability under earthquakes, providing theoretical support for hazard prevention of similar slopes.

Based on the observational data of the Resistivity Monitoring Station in Shayidong, Korla, Xinjiang, this paper introduces the discovery process and verification of abnormal resistivity data, excluding environmental and meteorological factors,analyzing the reliability of the abnormal change and discussing anomaly characteristics of ground resistivity before earthquake. The results indicate that the observational data of Shayidong ground resistivity are continuously stable with a high degree of abnormal credibility. On May 2023, the data curve showed a trend reversal change, and on April 2024, a yearly variation distortion anomaly appeared again. After the anomaly ended, earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.5 or above occurred within a 300 km radius of the monitoring station. It suggests that the Shayidong ground resistivity monitor can serve as a reliable basis for determining anomalies before earthquake.

This study presents a rapid deployment solution and technical framework for mobile seismic stations,integrating techniques such as aftershock record analysis,power spectrum probability density function (PDF),noise attenuation-based theoretical models,and the entire magnitude range method (EMR). The regional seismic monitoring capabilities were evaluated before and after station deployment. Results demonstrate that mobile stations reduced positioning residuals by approximately 80% and significantly improved aftershock localization accuracy. The lower monitoring magnitude threshold decreased from M_L1.8～2.0 to M_L0.8～1.2 (with near-field optimization reaching M_L0.6),substantially enriching the aftershock sequence catalog. The study also discusses limitations in emergency observation systems for mountainous canyon environments regarding equipment compatibility,station site selection,and communication support,providing insights to enhance the timeliness and data quality of future seismic emergency mobile monitoring operations.