15 June 2026, Volume 40 Issue 2

    

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Aheqi M_S 6.0 Eatthquake on December 4,2025 Special Issue
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  ANALYSIS OF DISASTER LOSS ASSESSMENT OF AHEQI M6.0 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 4,2025

  WEN He-ping, TAN Ming, LI Shuai, Alimujiang Yalikun, ZHAO Jiang-tao, LI Bo, LUO Ju

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.001

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  Introduces the basic situation of Aheqi M6.0 earthquake disaster on December 4,2025, and compares the results of the pre-assessment of annual earthquake disaster loss and the rapid assessment of post-earthquake disaster loss with their comparative tests, and then analyzes and discusses the key factors such as buildings and their fortification and population distribution involved in the assessment, and obtains some preliminary understandings to guide the practice of earthquake disaster loss assessment in Xinjiang.
  
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  FORWARD MODELING OF BUILDING DAMAGE AND THREE- DIMENSIONAL SCENARIO SIMULATION OF AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 4,2025

  BAI Yan, TAN Ming, LEI Kuan-jiu, LI Jin-xiang, XUE Long-tao, MA Jian, LI Bo

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 125-132. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.002

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  Through the combination of remote sensing interpretation and field investigation,the basic information of 8188 buildings in the earthquake damage area is obtained,and the nonlinear time history analysis method is used to simulate the seismic response of the regional buildings.With the help of geographic information system (GIS) platform,a three-dimensional seismic damage scenario model is constructed.The analysis shows that the overall damage degree of the buildings in this area is relatively light,and most of the buildings are basically in good condition.Only a few earth-rock-wood structures and maintenance masonry show relatively heavy earthquake damage.The damage ratio of numerical forward modeling is in good agreement with the damage ratio of field survey statistics, and the overall difference between the two is not more than 6%.The three-dimensional scenario model intuitively shows the spatial distribution characteristics of earthquake damage, which can provide visual support for post-disaster emergency assessment and regional earthquake prevention planning.
  
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  INVERSION OF SOURCE PARAMETERS AND FAULT SLIP DISTRIBUTION FOR 2025 AHEQI M_W6.0 EARTHQUAKE CONSTRAINED BY InSAR OBSERVATIONS

  LI Hong-bin, LI Gui-rong, CHEN Wei, MA Gang, DENG Ming-wen, FAN Wen-long

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 133-143. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.003

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  Aheqi M_W6.0 earthquake is another significant earthquake event after the Wushi M_W7.0 earthquake in 2024, which provides an important opportunity for further exploration of the seismogenic characteristics and activity characteristics of the seismogenic structure in the southern margin of the Tianshan seismic belt. Using Sentinel-1 A wide-swath SAR data of ascending and descending orbits, the co-seismic deformation field was obtained by differential interferometry of synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR). The results show that the deformation field in the line of sight (LOS) shows significant uplift characteristics. The maximum uplift of ascending and descending orbits is 48 mm and 77 mm, respectively. The deformation characteristics clearly indicate that the event is a thrust earthquake. Based on the Bayesian nonlinear inversion algorithm, the geometric parameters of the seismogenic fault are constrained, and the distributed slip distribution inversion is carried out by using the steepest descent method (SDM) of the least squares principle to reveal the fine slip characteristics of the fault : the fault strike is 237°, the dip angle is 41°, the slip angle is 93°, and the maximum slip is 0.23 m. The main slip is concentrated at the depth of 7～15 km. The moment magnitude of the Aheqi earthquake obtained by inversion is about M_W6.0. The Coulomb stress analysis shows that the east and west ends of the fault are still in the state of stress loading, and the Coulomb stress changes caused by co-seismic rupture and post-earthquake afterslip of Wushi earthquake are calculated. Combined with the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aftershock precise location, the stress triggering mechanism of Wushi earthquake to Aheqi M_W6.0 earthquake is systematically revealed. The results of this study provide an important scientific basis for deepening the understanding of the mechanism of fault stress interaction in the southern margin of the Tianshan seismic belt and evaluating the risk of regional strong earthquakes.
  
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  ANALYSIS OF SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION OF AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  FAN Wen-long, LI Gui-rong, YAO Yuan, TANG Ming-shuai, ZHU Jie, Sulitan Yusan, LI Rui, TAN Cui

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 144-151. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.004

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  Taking 2025 Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake as the research object, combined with multi-source data such as regional geology, aftershock sequence, GNSS observation and source parameters, the seismogenic structure and regional crustal deformation characteristics of the earthquake were systematically analyzed by means of grid strain analysis, baseline time series tracking and Coulomb stress calculation. The seismogenic structure of the Akqi earthquake is the Maidan fault, which is a thrust and strike-slip rupture occurred after the long-term accumulation of regional tectonic strain under the background of the northward compression of the Indian plate. The strain analysis shows that the region has been in a north-south tectonic compression state for a long time. There is a significant shear strain concentration before the earthquake, and the strain generally attenuates after the earthquake. The baseline time series shows that the regional crust has a continuous north-south shortening, and the earthquake triggered a short-term disturbance. The Coulomb stress calculation shows that there is significant stress unloading in the source area, and secondary stress loading occurs in the surrounding Maidan fault and Wushi fault. The earthquake was triggered by the static Coulomb stress of the Wushi M_S7.1 earthquake in 2024, reflecting the stress transfer between the regional fault systems. The seismogenic structure and dynamic causes of the Aheqi earthquake are clarified, which provides a scientific reference for seismic risk assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation in the southwestern Tianshan Mountains.
  
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  APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY MOBILE SEISMIC OBSERVATION IN XINJIANG AHEQI M6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  ZHANG Yong, Abudureyimujiang Bake, ZHAO Xiao-cheng, CHI Zheng-yang, XUE Long-tao

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 152-160. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.005

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  This study presents a rapid deployment solution and technical framework for mobile seismic stations,integrating techniques such as aftershock record analysis,power spectrum probability density function (PDF),noise attenuation-based theoretical models,and the entire magnitude range method (EMR). The regional seismic monitoring capabilities were evaluated before and after station deployment. Results demonstrate that mobile stations reduced positioning residuals by approximately 80% and significantly improved aftershock localization accuracy. The lower monitoring magnitude threshold decreased from M_L1.8～2.0 to M_L0.8～1.2 (with near-field optimization reaching M_L0.6),substantially enriching the aftershock sequence catalog. The study also discusses limitations in emergency observation systems for mountainous canyon environments regarding equipment compatibility,station site selection,and communication support,providing insights to enhance the timeliness and data quality of future seismic emergency mobile monitoring operations.
  
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  ANALYSIS OF RTL ANOMALY CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE AHEQI M_S6.0 AND THREE SURROUNDING STRONG EARTHQUAKES

  MA Qian-wen, Nilupar Maimaitusun, SONG Chun-yan

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 161-169. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.006

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  Based on the improved RTL algorithm, taking three strong earthquakes within 200 km around the Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake on December 4,2025 as an example, the spatial distribution characteristics of seismic activity before strong earthquakes are analyzed. The results show that: (1) From the time series of the whole study area, there are two abnormal stages of V_RTL in the region from 2013 to 2025, and earthquakes occur within one year after the anomaly returns to the background value. (2) According to the results of spatial scanning, the V_RTL anomalies of the three strong earthquakes usually appear one to two years before the earthquake, and there is a general trend of ‘abnormal occurrence-enhancement-weakening’.Then, the earthquake occurs within 3 months, and there is a tendency to migrate to the epicenter in space. It shows that the RTL method can effectively identify potential seismic source information and provide effective judgment for the time and location of moderate-strong earthquakes.
  
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  ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY BACKGROUND NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 4, 2025

  OU Xue-hui, GUAN Dong-xiao, CHEN Li, YANG Shao-fu, WEN Yan-lin, PAN Zhen-sheng

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 170-176. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.007

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  In order to understand the characteristics of gravity background noise during Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake, analyze the relationship between background noise changes and earthquakes, and calculate the gravity seismic noise level ( SNM ) and the second type of microtremor apparent vertical displacement of Wushi station closest to the epicenter. The results show that before the earthquake, the apparent vertical displacement of the second type of microtremors shows the characteristics of ‘rapid rise to high value-fall back-earthquake’; the seismic noise level of Wushi station increases significantly on the day of the earthquake, which is inconsistent with the decrease of the apparent vertical displacement of the second type of microseism. Combined with the analysis of 20 earthquakes with M_S≥5.0 within 300 km of Wushi station in recent 10 years, this difference is due to the influence of seasonal fluctuation of microseism. In view of the interference of seasonal fluctuations on the identification of pre-earthquake anomalies, the establishment of a judgment basis based on seasonal dynamic thresholds will be the key to improving the ability of earthquake prediction.
  
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  CHARACTERISTICS STUDY ON OBSERVATION DATA FROM CRUSTAL MOVEMENT OBSERVATION NETWORK OF CHINA BEFORE AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 4,2025

  ZHANG Zheng , DING Yu, YANG Lu-Jia, LI Gui-rong, PANG Xin-Bai

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 177-184. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.008

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  Based on the continuous gravity observation data of GNSS and Wushi station, the co-evolution characteristics of regional crustal deformation and gravity field before earthquake are analyzed, and the application value of multi-means combination in strong earthquake precursor identification is discussed. The results show that the tectonic background of north-south compression shortening in the basin-mountain junction zone of South Tianshan is consistent with the long-term shrinkage rate of WUSH-XJBC baseline of -1.558 mm/a, which clarifies the dynamic environment of this earthquake. From 2023 to 2025, the cumulative shortening of the baseline exceeding 24 mm reflects the accelerated loading of tectonic strain before the earthquake. In September 2025, the stress field of the synchronous deformation anomaly marker area was adjusted from steady-state accumulation to impending earthquake non-steady state, which provided key geodetic constraints for the attribution of gravity anomaly structure. The peak value of gravity M2 wave tidal factor anomaly has a significant time correspondence with the regional M_S≥5.0 earthquake, which is well confirmed by the GNSS deformation results. The combined analysis of multiple means can effectively eliminate the multi-solution of single item anomaly and improve the reliability of precursor identification, which can provide important geophysical basis for the study and judgment of strong earthquake risk in South Tianshan area.
  
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  STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY FIELD CHANGES BEFORE AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  NIE Jia-wang, ZHAO Lei, Ailixiati Yushan, LIU Dai-qin, Abudutayier Yasen, DING Yu, Aerdake Kadeerbieke

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 185-192. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.009

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  This study uses multi-period mobile gravity observation data from the southern Tianshan region from April 2020 to March 2025, combined with gravity field difference, cumulative change and time series analysis methods at the observation point, to systematically study the dynamic characteristics of gravity field changes at annual and long-term scales in the epicentral area of the 2025 Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake and its surrounding areas. The results show that: ① The changes in gravity are relatively concentrated in the Kalpin block to the south of the Aheqi earthquake epicenter and the Kashi-Wuqia junction area, and the gravity contours generally distributed orthogonally to the geological structure; ② The gravity field near the epicentre changed significantly 2 to 4 years before the earthquake, while the change was relatively gentle one year before the earthquake; ③ The alternating positive-negative transition zones of the gravity field and the zero contours in the Wushi-Aheqi area are closely related to the seismogenic structure. The regional characteristics of gravity anomalies reflect the post-seismic adjustments of the 2020 Jiashi M_S6.4 and 2024 Wushi M_S7.1 earthquakes, as well as the pre-seismic preparation process of the Aheqi earthquake. Alternating positive-negative gravity fields and high gradient zones are more common in active tectonic areas with high seismic risk. The results of this study are of great significance for identifying anomalous information before strong earthquakes and provide an important scientific basis for seismic risk assessment and earthquake prediction in the southern Tianshan region.
  
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  COMPARISON OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE TWO EARTHQUAKES: 2024 WUSHI M_S7.1 EARTHQUAKE AND 2025 AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  ZHANG Xing-cai, NAN Fang-fang, Zulikaer Aizezi, PAN Zhen-sheng, LIU Hai-yang, JIANG Zhi-ying

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.010

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  In order to explore the variation law of surface temperature anomalies before strong earthquakes and improve the level of regional earthquake tracking, Wushi M_S7.1 earthquake in 2024 and Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake in 2025 in Xinjiang were taken as examples, and the MODIS surface temperature product data were selected. Combined with STL decomposition and GESD anomaly detection methods, the temporal and spatial distribution of surface temperature anomalies before the two earthquakes was studied. The results show that: in terms of time distribution, there are obvious surface temperature anomalies before the two earthquakes. The anomalies begin about 4 months before the earthquake, and generally show the characteristics of ‘emergence-expansion-contraction concentration-gradual disappearance’. Wushi M_S7.1 earthquake occurred on the 131th day after the anomaly concentration, and Akqi M_S6.0 earthquake occurred on the 113th day after the anomaly concentration, and both earthquakes occurred within 6~9 months after the annual trend of temperature. In terms of spatial distribution, the temperature anomalies are concentrated in the active faults near the epicenter, and the number of abnormal pixels in the study area is maintained at a high level 4 months before the earthquake. MODIS data combined with STL decomposition and GESD method has certain feasibility in the tracking of surface temperature anomalies before earthquakes in Xinjiang.
  
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  DISCUSSION ON INDICATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF EARLY POST-SEISMIC SEQUENCE PARAMETERS AFTER AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  RAO Wen, NAN Fang-fang, LI Kui, LIU Hai-yang, MA Zi-ping

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 201-207. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.011

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  In order to solve the problem of obtaining the effective sequence parameters in the earthquake catalog at the early stage after the earthquake, taking the Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake in the western section of the southern Tianshan Mountains as an example, the maximum curvature method and the goodness of fit test method are used to dynamically evaluate the integrity magnitude. Combined with the maximum likelihood method and the Dasen formula, the parameter evolution law of the sequence at different time periods such as 24 h, 72 h and 37 d after the earthquake is systematically revealed. The results show that the b value of the sequence fluctuates significantly in the early stage after the earthquake, and tends to be stable after about 3 days. Spatial scanning can identify the obvious high stress concentration area on the west side of the source area. The p value analysis shows that the overall attenuation trend can be better captured about 72 hours after the earthquake. The statistical parameters obtained 72 hours after the Aheqi earthquake have preliminary trend indication significance.
  
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  EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ANOMALIES BEFORE AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 4,2025

  SUN Zhao-jie, Aisa Yisimayili, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG An-he, YIN Hai-lin, LIU Hai-yang, YANG Heng-yue

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 208-216. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.012

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  Based on the data of geomagnetic stations, ground resistivity and geoelectric field in the study area, various electromagnetic anomaly extraction and analysis methods such as ground resistivity morphological analysis method, geomagnetic field detrended residual method, geomagnetic daily ratio and geomagnetic low point displacement are used.After comprehensive analysis, it is determined that the following anomalies existed before Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake on December 4,2025: Keping ground resistivity has a trend turning point and a significant increase in annual variation amplitude since 2025; the detrended residual method of the geomagnetic field at Kashgar Station shows that it has been declining since October 2022, and began to rise in early February 2025.The earthquake occurred in the recovery stage. Groups of geomagnetic low-point displacement and daily ratio short-term anomalies appear on the regional scale before the earthquake; the mobile geomagnetic observation from 2025 to 2026 also shows that there are obvious anomalies in the Wensu-Keping area. This study systematically sorts out and verifies the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of multi-electromagnetic parameter anomalies during the seismogenic process of the Aheqi earthquake.
  
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  ANOMALY FEATURE OF FIXED POINT DEFORMATION BEFORE AHEQI M_S6.0 EARTHQUAKE

  YANG Shao-fu, GAO Ge, ZHAO Bin-bin, ZHANG Tao

  Inland Earthquake. 2026, 40(2): 217-224. https://doi.org/10.16256/j.issn.1001-8956.2026.02.013

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  Anomaly characteristics of three sets of fixed-point deformation data of Aheqi vertical pendulum, Wushi cave body strain and Kashi borehole tilt within 300 km of the epicenter before the Aheqi M_S6.0 earthquake were analyzed.The results show that the anomalies of the three sets of data correspond to the earthquake; the EW component of the strain of the Wushi cave is a trend anomaly, and the post-earthquake trend extension continues without canceling the anomaly; the NS component of Wushi Cave body strain and the two components of Aheqi vertical pendulum are medium-term anomalies, which are mainly characterized by breaking year, and the medium-term anomalies of the two components of Aheqi vertical pendulum continue. The huge change of NS component of borehole tilt in Kashi is a short-term anomaly.